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1) In the early 1800s, the need for a water route to help farmers ship their products to market was one reason for the
- A. Gadsden Purchase
- B. Louisiana Purchase
- C. Mexican Cession
- D. Missouri Compromise
Correct:B
2) The Mayflower Compact and the House of Burgesses were important to the development of democracy in colonial America because they
- A. expanded freedom of religion
- B. promoted self-government
- C. protected private ownership of property
- D. granted voting rights to all white males
Correct:B
3) The main criticism of the Articles of Confederation was that they failed to
- A. allow for the admission of new states
- B. limit the powers of the president
- C. provide adequate powers for the central government
- D. prevent the development of military rule
Correct:C
4) Which information on the writing of the Constitution is considered a primary source?
- A. a newspaper editorial written in 1887
- B. an encyclopedia article on the Constitution
- C. the book, Economic Interpretation of the Constitution, by Charles Beard
- D. notes from the Constitutional Convention taken by James Madison
Correct:D
5) To avoid having too much power concentrated in one branch of government, the framers of the Constitution established
- A. a bicameral national legislature
- B. division of power among different levels of government
- C. the system of two political parties
- D. the system of checks and balances
Correct:B
6) Congress established a minimum wage for workers and regulations on radio broadcasts by combining its delegated power to regulate interstate commerce with the
- A. writ of habeas corpus clause
- B. sanctity of contract clause
- C. due process clause
- D. elastic clause
Correct:D
7) Which concept found in the United States Constitution was a belief held by the social contract philosophers of the Enlightenment period?
- A. presidential cabinet
- B. judicial review
- C. limited monarchy
- D. sovereignty of the people
Correct:D
8) The election results shown on this map most clearly reflect the influence of

- A. nationalist motives
- B. political stability
- C. sectional differences
- D. ethnic conflicts
Correct:C
9) Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton was most noted for
- A. devising a plan to pay off the nations debts
- B. beginning a system to tax exports
- C. arranging necessary loans from European nations
- D. raising revenue from the sale of western lands
Correct:A
10) On what grounds would strict constructionists of the United States Constitution have questioned the purchase of the Louisiana Territory?
- A. It violated the guarantee of states rights.
- B. The president was not specifically given the power to purchase new land.
- C. Congress was opposed to expansion west of the Mississippi River.
- D. The Constitution applied only to the original thirteen states.
Correct:B
11) President Andrew Jackson claimed that use of the spoils system increased democracy in the federal government because it
- A. removed property-holding qualifications for voting
- B. limited the role of the electoral college in presidential elections
- C. allowed larger numbers of citizens to hold office
- D. used nominating conventions to pick political party candidates
Correct:C
12) Both the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850 settled conflicts between the North and the South over
- A. admission of states to the Union
- B. Supreme Court decisions
- C. presidential election results
- D. voting rights
Correct:A
13) This resolution illustrates the constitutional right to

- A. petition for redress of grievances
- B. protection against unreasonable search and seizure
- C. a speedy and public trial
- D. freedom of religion
Correct:A
14) What was a major result of the Civil War?
- A. States now had the right to secede from the Union.
- B. Congress passed an amendment to provide for the direct election of senators.
- C. The power of the central government was strengthened.
- D. The judiciary became the dominant branch of the federal government.
Correct:C
15) Which statement describes a result of the Industrial Revolution in the United States?
- A. Farm production decreased.
- B. Slavery in the South increased.
- C. The population of the cities decreased.
- D. Immigration to the United States increased
Correct:D
16) In the late 19th century, the federal government aided the growth of transcontinental railroads by
- A. legalizing rate rebates for large shippers
- B. providing free land for laying railroad tracks
- C. requiring standard-gauge tracks on all interstate lines
- D. forcing small lines to consolidate into large systems
Correct:B
17) The Populist movement was most interested in improving conditions for
- A. farmers
- B. business leaders
- C. African Americans
- D. Native American Indians
Correct:A
18) What was the main benefit that labor unions of the late 19th century gained for their members?
- A. job security
- B. improved wages and hours
- C. paid vacations
- D. health insurance
Correct:B
19) During the late 1800s, business leaders formed trusts mainly to
- A. reduce prices
- B. eliminate competition
- C. improve worker productivity
- D. establish overseas factories
Correct:B
20) What is the main idea of this cartoon?

- A. The Standard Oil Company was a harmful monopoly.
- B. The best way to develop major industries was to form proprietorships.
- C. Government regulations were strangling the Standard Oil Company.
- D. Foreign competition in the oil industry was hurting American companies.
Correct:A
21) In the late 1800s, the theory of laissez-faire capitalism was used by many industrialists to
- A. petition the government for assistance during times of financial crisis
- B. oppose colonial expansion in Africa and Asia
- C. argue against government regulation of business practices
- D. defend limits on the number of immigrants allowed to work in factories
Correct:C
22) During the late 1800s, a major reason labor unions had difficulty achieving their goals was that
- A. government supported business over labor
- B. industrialization created better working conditions
- C. there was a shortage of new workers
- D. businesses promoted labor officials to management positions
Correct:A
23) This statement encouraged popular support among Americans for

- A. isolationism
- B. neutrality
- C. protectionism
- D. imperialism
Correct:D
24) Supporters of Mahans ideas most likely favored a foreign policy that would

- A. limit the military arms race
- B. acquire foreign markets
- C. abandon the Monroe Doctrine
- D. establish an international peace organization
Correct:B
25) Which president was known as a trustbuster?
- A. George Washington
- B. Calvin Coolidge
- C. Theodore Roosevelt
- D. Dwight Eisenhower
Correct:C
26) President Woodrow Wilson supported creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 to
- A. balance the federal budget
- B. regulate the amount of money in circulation
- C. serve as a source of loans for farmers
- D. solve the financial problems of the Great Depression
Correct:B
27) Data from this graph support the conclusion that World War I

- A. caused the United States trade deficit to increase
- B. cost the United States many billions of dollars
- C. was a significant benefit to the American economy
- D. created an unfavorable balance of trade
Correct:C
28) In the case Schenck v. United States (1919), the United States Supreme Court settled the issue of limits on individual freedoms during wartime by establishing the
- A. clear and present danger test
- B. states rights principle
- C. separate but equal doctrine
- D. popular sovereignty principle
Correct:A
29) Many senators who opposed United States membership in the League of Nations argued that joining the League would
- A. involve the nation in future military conflicts
- B. reduce freedom of the seas
- C. end the countrys free-trade policy
- D. endanger the nations military preparedness
Correct:A
30) The economic boom of the 1920s was primarily caused by the
- A. new economic policies of the League of Nations
- B. development of new consumer goods industries
- C. advent of advertising on radio
- D. elimination of barriers to international trade
Correct:B
31) During most of the 1920s, which group experienced the most severe economic problems?
- A. owners of small family farms
- B. workers in the automobile industry
- C. bankers in urban centers
- D. entertainers in the field of radio
Correct:A
32) New Deal programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) were primarily intended to help
- A. farmers
- B. homeowners
- C. businesses
- D. unemployed workers
Correct:D
33) Passage of the Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937 indicated that the United States desired to
- A. isolate itself from conflicts in Europe and Asia
- B. form alliances to stop the aggression of dictators
- C. expand trade outside the Western Hemisphere
- D. support the policies of the League of Nations
Correct:A
34) What was the most likely cause of the election results shown on the map?

- A. Most voters blamed President Herbert Hoover for the Great Depression.
- B. It is difficult to defeat an incumbent president.
- C. Franklin Roosevelt had more business experience than Herbert Hoover.
- D. Republican Party popularity had been declining for several elections.
Correct:A
35) Congress refused to enact President Franklin Roosevelts court-packing plan because the plan
- A. threatened to upset the constitutional system of checks and balances
- B. entrusted too much power to the judicial branch
- C. called for an increase in income taxes
- D. required passage of a constitutional amendment
Correct:A
36) Which federal policy was enacted during World War II and justified as a wartime necessity?
- A. a ban on German-language books
- B. internment of Japanese Americans
- C. exclusion of Chinese immigrants
- D. adoption of the quota system of immigration
Correct:B
37) In 1944, Congress enacted the GI Bill of Rights in order to
- A. provide economic aid to veterans
- B. reduce military expenditures
- C. ban racial segregation in the armed forces
- D. create government jobs for returning soldiers
Correct:A
38) During World War II, this poster was used primarily to

- A. contain the spread of communism
- B. create jobs for the unemployed
- C. gain financial support for the war
- D. convince women to fill vacant factory jobs
Correct:C
39) Which speakers reflect the foreign policy beliefs of the Truman administration after World War II?

- A. A and B
- B. B and C
- C. A and D
- D. C and D
Correct:B
40) The statements of Speakers A and D express support for the policy of

- A. containment
- B. internationalism
- C. imperialism
- D. isolationism
Correct:D
41) In 1957, the Eisenhower Doctrine expanded the principles of the Truman Doctrine by extending Middle East military assistance in order to
- A. offset communist influence in the region
- B. combat anti-American terrorist threats
- C. force the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEto end its oil embargo
- D. defend Israel against Arab invasions
Correct:A
42) The immediate impact of the 1957 launch of Sputnik I was that it
- A. forced the United States to find new sources of fuel
- B. focused attention on the need to regulate the uses of outer space
- C. heightened the space race as a form of Cold War competition
- D. ended the period of peaceful coexistence between the United States and the Soviet Union
Correct:C
43) President John F. Kennedy supported the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba as an effort to
- A. remove a communist dictator from power
- B. stop the flow of illegal drugs to the United States
- C. support Fidel Castros efforts for reform
- D. rescue hostages held by Cuban freedom fighters
Correct:A
44) Supreme Court decisions in Mapp v. Ohio, Gideon v. Wainwright, and Miranda v. Arizona affected individual liberties by
- A. eliminating the poll tax as a voting requirement
- B. preventing the use of organized prayer in public schools
- C. requiring equal pay for men and women performing the same job
- D. expanding the constitutional rights of people accused of crimes
Correct:D
45) The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan was an influential book in the 1960s because it
- A. helped strengthen family values
- B. led directly to the defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment
- C. energized a new womens rights movement
- D. reinforced the importance of womens traditional roles
Correct:C
46) The trial of Sacco and Vanzetti in the 1920s was similar to the trial of the Rosenbergs in the 1950s in that both trials were accompanied by
- A. nativist fears of foreign influence in the United States
- B. concern that the United States would sink into a depression
- C. public reactions against organized crime
- D. a grassroots movement to gain equal rights for minorities
Correct:A
47) Which United States foreign policy action resulted from the close geographic relationship between the United States and Latin America?
- A. Monroe Doctrine
- B. Marshall Plan
- C. Truman Doctrine
- D. Open Door policy
Correct:A
48) A conclusion that can be drawn directly from these headlines is that

- A. more people are delaying marriage to a later age
- B. legal and societal changes have affected the family unit
- C. the role of women has changed little in the past decade
- D. most married couples do not have children
Correct:B